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Cooking Terms

A la Provencale   With garlic and oil
A la broche Food cooked on a skewer
A la king Food that is generally served in a white sauce with mushrooms, green peppers, and pimentos
A la mode Generally refers to ice cream served on top of pie or cake
Aging The term applied to meat being held at a temperature of 34-36 degrees F. for the purpose of making the meat more tender.
Al dente Refers to slightly chewy or being tough to the bite
Allemande A white sauce with egg yolks added
Anchovy A very small fish from the herring family
Anisette A cordial flavored with anise seed
Antipasto An Italian appetizer
Appetizer A small serving of food served before, after, or as the first course of a meal to stimulate the appetite
Arrowroot Used as a thickening agent in certain soups and sauces, bringing out a high sheen
Aspic A clear jelly typically made of stock and gelatin; Used as a glaze or garnish or to make a mold of meat, fish, or vegetables.
Au gratin Foods covered with a sauce, sprinkled with cheese or bread crumbs, or both, and baked to a golden brown
Au jus Food served with its natural juice
Au lait With milk
Avacado A thickened skin, pear-shaped tropical fruit with a green buttery flesh and can also be known as an alligator pear
Bake To cook by dry heat, usually in an oven.
Barbecue Sauce A highly-seasoned tomato-base sauce
Barbecue To cook over the embers or coals of an open fire
Barder To cover poultry or game with thin slices of bacon when roasting. Meaning to inject flavor and juice.
Baste To ladle drippings over a piece of meat being cooked as a roast to make it juicy and to prevent dryness
Batter A mixture of flour, sugar, eggs, milk, etc. which can be poured
Bearnaise sauce A Hollandaise sauce with a tarragon vinegar mixture added for use with meat and fish
Beat To lift a mixture with a spoon or an electric mixer to inject air and make the mixture smooth and creamy
Bechamel A white sauce, usually made with milk and cream
Bercy Sauce made of brown sauce, shallots, lemon juice, and white wine usually served with meat or fish
Beurre noir French term for browned butter
Beurre French term for butter
Bigarade A sweet-sour brown sauce, flavored with orange peel and juice and usually served with roast duck
Biscuit A small round quickbread, generally made using baking powder
Bisque A thick, rich cream soup generally made from shellfish
Blacken To coat fish or meat with pepper and/or other spices, then searing the meat in a hot skillet producing meat that is black on the outside but tender on the inside
Blanch To scald, make white, to partially cook an item, to place fruits or nuts in boiling water to remove the skins, or to dip vegetables in boiling water in preparation for freezing, canning, or drying
Blanc French term for white
Blanquette A stew of chicken, veal, or lamb in a white sauce
Blend To mix thoroughly two or more ingredients
Blinis Russian pancakes, usually served with caviar
Blue points Small oysters served raw on the half shell
Boeuf French term for beef
Boiling point The temperature reached when a mixture maintains a full bubbling motion on its surface
Boil To cook in a liquid, generally water, in which large bubbles rise quickly and steadily so that all the liquid is agitated
Bordelaise A brown sauce flavored with red wine usually served with beef entrees
Borsch A traditional Russian beet soup
Bouchee A very small patty, made of pastry and filled with creamed meat or fish
Bouillabaisse A fish soup or stew, usually made with 5-6 different fish or shellfish, flavored with white wine and seasoned with saffron
Bouillon A liquid similar to a stock, but cleaner and richer in flavor
Bouquet-garni A group of herbs tied together as a bouquet or in a cheese cloth bag for the purpose of cooking them with an item to season and makes for easy removal when they are done
Bourguignonne Meaning, with Burgundy Wine
Braise To cook meat by searing in fat, then simmering in a covered dish in a small amount of liquid or to brown meat or vegetables in hot fat, then to cook slowly in a small amount of liquid
Brandy An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fruit juices
Braten German term for roast
Breading To coat an item with a mixture of flour, egg, and bread crumbs
Brew To cook in hot liquid until the flavor is extracted
Brine A liquid of salt and water or vinegar used in pickling
Brioche A roll made of light sweet dough, originated in France
Brochette Meat or other foods broiled on a skewer
Broche A skewer
Broil To cook by exposing the food directly to the heat
Broth The liquid that meat, fish, poultry, or vegetables have been simmered in
Buffet A table of ready-to-eat hot and/or cold foods, self-service generally with the exception of the hot foods
Cacao Cocoa, chocolate
Cacciatore An Italian term for sauteed chicken that is baked with a highly seasoned (basil and oregano) tomato sauce, diced mushrooms, and chives; also sometimes referred to as hunter-style
Cafe au lait A beverage consisting of equal parts of hot milk and coffee
Cafe noir Black coffee
Cafe French term for coffee
Camembert A soft full-flavored, ripened cheese made in the Camembert, France region and generally served as a dessert
Canadian Bacon Trimmed, pressed, smoked loin of pork that may be purchased cooked or uncooked
Canape An appetizer, toasted bread, or cracker covered with a tasty paste and garnished
Canard French word for Duck
Candying To cook certain fruits or vegetables in a heavy sweet syrup
Caper European flower bud seasoning or garnish. The buds are pickled in vinegar and packed in small green bottles. Its used generally as a tart condiment in sauces for meats or in veloute sauces for poached fish.
Capon A castrated young male chicken
Caramelize To heat granulated sugar to a golden brown color for the purpose of flavoring and coloring other food
Carte du jour Menu of the day
Carte The bill of fare or menu
Casserole A one-pot meal baked and served in an earthenware or glass dish
Caviar The salted eggs or roe of the sturgeon and other certain fish
Cepes A type of mushroom, generally canned in a brine
Chablis A white, good-bodied wine, sometimes referred to as white Burgundy
Champignon French term for mushroom
Chantilly sauce Hollandaise sauce with unsweetened whipped cream folded in
Chantilly Indicates the use of whipped cream
Chasseur French word meaning hunter style
Chateaubriand A thick beef tenderloin steak, weighing approximately one pound and cooked by broiling
Chicory A salad green from the endive family
Chiffonade Finely shredded or chopped vegetables used in soups or salad dressings
Chop To cut into small pieces using a knife or other sharp utensil
Choux paste A paste consisting of eggs, water, salt, shortening, and flour for making Eclairs and cream puffs
Chutney A spicey relish of fruits and spices generally served with curry dishes
Cider The juice from pressed apples used as a beverage or to make vinegar
Citron A lemon-like fruit with thicker skin, larger, and with less acid
Clarify To make a liquid clear by adding beaten egg white and egg shells. The egg jells in the hot liquid and cloudiness adheres to it and then the liquid is strained.
Coatspoon When a mixture forms a thin, even film on a spoon
Coat To cover the surface of one food with another
Cobbler A deep dish pie, generally made with fruit
Cocktail An appetizer served before or as the first course of a meal, an alcholic beverage served before the dinner, or a cut shell-fish with a tart sauce served at the start of a meal
Coddle To cook or simmer an item just below the boiling point for a short length of time
Colbert Sauce A sauce consisting of brown sauce, shallots, claret wine, butter, and lemon juice
Compote Fruits stewed in a syrup or a mixture of assorted stewed fruits
Condiment A seasoning for food, a spicy or pungent relish
Consomme A clear, strong flavored soup
Coq au vin Chicken in wine
Core To remove the central seed part of certain fruits, such as apples or pears
Cottage pudding Cake served with a warm sweet sauce
Coupe A shallow dessert dish or an actual dessert such as strawberry coupe
Court bouillon A liquid comprised of water, vinegar or wine, herbs and seasoning to poach fish in
Cracklings Crisp remains left after the fat has been fried out
Cream To beat until soft and fluffy, generally applies to shortening and sugar
Creme French word for cream
Creole Usually a soup or sauce containing tomatoes, onions, green peppers, celery, and seasoning
Crepe French word for pancake
Cresson French word for watercress
Croissant A crescent shaped roll
Croquette A ground food product, held together with the addition of a thick cream sauce and eggs, formed into balls or cones, breaded and fried in oil
Croutons Small cubes of bread browned to a golden color in the oven or deep fat fryer, generally served with soups or salads
Cube To cut into even, bite-size pieces
Cuisine A characteristic style of preparing food
Cure To preserve by pickling, salting, or drying
Cut in A part blended into another part
Cutlet A small flattened boneless piece of meat, generally referring to pork and veal
Deglaze Adding water to a pan in which meats have been sauteed or roasted to dissolve the crusted juice that has dried on the bottom and sides of the pan
Demiglace A rich brown stock reduced to only half of its original amount by simmering
Demitasse A small cup of black coffee
Demi French word for half
Deviled An item flavored with hot condiments such as pepper, mustard, or tabasco
Diable A term applied to deviled or highly seasoned food
Dice To cut into small cubes or squares
Dissolve To cause a dry substance to become fluid or to absorb into liquid
Dot To spot small particles of butter over the top of something
Dough A thick, soft uncooked mass of moistened flour and other ingredients
Drawn butter Melted butter
Dredge To coat an item with dry ingredients such as flour
Dress To trim or clean poultry or fish
Drippings The fat and natural juice that drips from roasted meats
Du jour French word meaning of the day
Duchess potatoes Boiled potatoes whipped with egg yolks and then pressed thru a pastry tube
Duglere With tomatoes, generally applied to a white fish sauce with crushed tomatoes flowing through it
Dust To sprinkle an item with flour or sugar
Emulsify A liquid mixture suspended in another mixture (generally eggs and oil) to prevent separation
En brochette To cook on a skewer
En chemise With their skin, generally referring to potatoes
En coquille Served in a shell
En tasse Served in a cup
Entree Main course of the meal
Epicure A lover of food and wine
Epigramme An entree of two pieces of meat prepared differently but generally cooked and served together
Escallop To cut into into thin slices or bake in a white sauce with a topping of crumbs
Escargot French word for Snail
Escarole A salad green from the endive family
Espagnole sauce A rich brown sauce of meat, vegetables, and seasoning
Extract Drawing flavors from certain foods, used to flavor other food items
Farce French word for Stuffing
Farci French word for Stuffed, as in meats or vegetables
Farina The coarsely ground inner portion of hard wheat
Filet de sole A boneless piece of fish belonging to the sole family of fish
Filet mignon Filets of beef tenderloin usually with no fat
Fine herbs A combination of three or four herbs chopped very fine
Finnan haddie Smoked haddock fish
Flambeau To serve on a flaming torch
Flambe Served aflame
Florentine With spinach
Fold To mix, using a motion beginning vertically down through the mixture, continuing across the bottom of the bowl and ending with an upward and over movement
Fondant An icing made by boiling sugar and water to the point of crystallization then whipping it into a creamy mass
Fondue A style of preparing foods which involves dipping vegetables, meats, breads into various heated sauces
Forcemeat Meat or fish ground very fine and highly seasoned and used for stuffing meat and fish
Francaise In the French style
Frappe Frozen or partly frozen to the consistency of mush for dessert items
French Toast Bread dipped in a batter of eggs and milk and fried til golden brown on both sides
Frenched To scrape meat and fat from bones of meat, generally associated with lamb chops or veal rib chops
Fricassee Pieces of chicken, lamb, or veal stewed in liquid and served in a sauce made from the same liquid
Fritters Food dipped or coated with a batter and fried to a golden brown in oil
Fumet A stock of fish, meat, or game reduced with wine until concentrated
Garbanzo beans Dried or canned Chick peas
Garnish To decorate a dish with an item to improve its look
Garniture French word for Garnish
Gefulte fish Fish fillets stuffed with a ground fish mixture and poached
Gherkin A small sweet or sour pickled cucumber
Giblet The gizzard, heart, and liver of Poultry
Glace de viande Reduced meat stock
Glace Glazed, iced, or frosted to cover with a glossy coating
Glaze To coat or cover an item with a glossy coating
Goulash A rich, savory brown stew and generally the main seasoning is paprika
Gourmet A connoisseur of fine foods and drink
Grate To rub or wear into small particles, by rubbing on the rough surface of a grater
Griddle A large, flat heavy pan with heat applied from the bottom
Grits Coarsely ground hominy
Gruyere A type of Swiss cheese made in France and Switzerland and has smaller holes than true Swiss cheese
Gumbo A rich creole-type soup consisting of chicken broth, onion, celery, green peppers, okra, tomatoes, and rice
Hacher Meaning to hash or mince
Hard Sauce A dessert sauce made of butter, lemon extract, sugar, and vanilla
Hasenpfeffer A German rabbit stew
Head cheese Jellied, spiced, pressed meat from the hog's head
Herbs Savory leaves such as tarragon, sage, basil, parsley, oregano, etc.
Hollandaise A rich, creamy sauce made of butter, egg yolks, and lemon juice
Hominy Hulled Indian corn used for a cereal food, coarsely ground or broken
Homogenize To break up fat globules into small particles, generally referring to milk
Hongroise Meaning in the Hungarian style or fashion
Hors d'oeuvres An appetizer typically served before a meal
Hush puppies A Southern deep fried food consisting of corn meal, milk, onions, baking powder, etc.
Indienne Dishes made in the style of India and generally containing curry powder as the main seasoning
Infusion Liquid extracted from tea, herbs, or coffee
Irish stew A white lamb stew generally made with lamb, carrots, turnips, potatoes, onions, dumplings, and seasonings
Italienne Made in the Italian style and generally using some sort of pasta
Jambalaya A combination of meat or seafood and rice cooked together
Jardiniere A garnish for meat dishes, generally consisting of carrots, celery, turnips, and sometimes peas
Julienne To cut into long, very thin strips
Jus Natural meat juice
Karo A fairly thin, light or dark corn syrup
Kartoffel klosse A German potato dumpling
Kebob or Kabob Small cubes of meat and/or vegetables roasted on a skewer
Kippered Lightly salted and smoked fish
Kirschwasser A liqueur made from cherries and commonly used to flame certain dishes
Kitchen bouquet Brand name for a bottle seasoning used to flavor and color gravy
Knead To place dough on a flat surface and work it, pressing down with your hands, then folding over and over again
Kohlrabi Vegetable in the cabbage family with a larger edible turnip-like stem
Kosher Meat that is butchered and processed according to the Hebrew religious laws
Kuchen German cakes made with sweet yeast dough
Kummel Liqueur flavored with caraway seed
Kumquat A small citrus fruit resembling a small orange, about the size and shape of an olive
Lait French word for Milk
Lamb fries Lamb testicles
Langouste French word for Lobster or Crawfish
Larding Inserting strips of salt pork into meat to add flavor and prevent dryness while roasting, using a larding needle and drawing the strip of salt pork through the meat
Leek A plant from the green onion family with little or no bulb and fairly long broad, mild-flavored green stems. The green stems are used to season or flavor foods
Legumes Dried vegetables such as beans, lentils, and split peas
Lentil A flat edible seed of the pea family generally used in soup
Limburger Cheese Soft, rich, odorous, ripened cheese originally made in Belgium
London Broil A broiled flank steak, sliced on the bias and generally served with a rich mushroom or Bordelaise sauce
Lyonnaise To prepare and serve with onions
Macedoine A blended combination of fruit or vegetables
Madrilene A clear consomme with a tomato base, served jellied or hot
Marinade A brine or pickling solution in which meat can be soaked before cooking to alter or enrich the flavor
Marinate To let food stand in a liquid that will add flavor and tenderize
Marrow Soft tissue from the center of beef and veal bones
Marsala A semi-dry Italian sherry wine
Masking To coven an item completely with a sauce or another ingredient
Mayonnaise A rich salad dressing emulsified by whipping together eggs, oil, and vinegar
Melt To dissolve or make liquid by heating
Menthe French word for Mint
Menu The list of foods served or Bill of Fare
Meringue Egg whites and sugar beaten together to form a white frothy mass, generally used to top pies and cakes
Meuniere Pan fried, served with butter freshly browned, lemon juice, and chopped parsley
Mignon Small pieces of beef tenderloin
Milanese Generally used when some type of pasta is being served
Mincemeat A blended mixture of finely chopped cooked beef, currants, apples, suet, and spices
Mince To cut food into very small, fine pieces
Minestrone A thick Italian soup made with vegetables, dried legumes, and pasta
Minute Steak A small, fairly thin, boneless sirloin steak
Mirepoix A mixture of fairly fine, diced vegetables such as carrots, onions, and celery
Mixed grill A combination of any four broiled or grilled items, generally lamb chop, bacon, sausage, and tomato slices
Mixing To combine two or more ingredients
Mocha A flavoring made of coffee and chocolate
Mold A metal form in which you can shape certain foods to make them look more attractive
Mornay sauce A rich cream sauce with eggs and Parmesan cheese added
Mousse A frozen dessert made mainly with whipped cream, sweetening, and flavoring
Mozzarella A fairly soft Italian cheese with a rubbery texture and is great to use in making pizza
Mutton The flesh or meat of a mature sheep
Napoleons A French pastry made my separating the layers of pastry with a cream filling and topping with an icing
Navarin A rich brown mutton stew garnished with turnips and carrots
Noir French word for Black
Noisette Small pieces of loin of lamb or pork, generally the eye of the chop, without the bone and fat, either broiled or sautéed
Nougat Generally a confection of pasty consistency, containing sugar, almonds, and pistachio nuts
O'Brien Generally with green peppers and pimientos, usually diced small
Oeuf French word meaning Egg
Omelet Beaten eggs, seasoned, fried with butter or grease in a pan until it starts to puff then folded over or rolled
Panache Two or more kinds of one item in a dish, mixing colors
Papaya A tropical fruit from which the juice can be used to tenderize certain meats
Papillote Generally the item associated with this word is cooked and served in paper
Parboil To partially cook or boil in water
Pare To cut off the outer covering or skin with a knife or other sharp tool
Parfait Different colored ice creams served in a tall parfait glass with syrup and often fruit, topped with whipped cream, chopped nuts, and a cherry
Parisienne French for Female, but in cooking generally refers to potatoes cut into small round balls using a Parisienne scoop
Parmentiere Usually means soup containing potatoes or served with potatoes
Parmesan A hard Italian cheese, usually sold in the grated or powdered form
Pastry bag A duck cloth, cone bag with a metal or plastic tip at the small end used to decorate foods
Pate A paste of ground meat or liver
Paysanne Usually vegetables diced small or shredded
Peel To strip off an outer covering or skin
Persillade Garnished with parsley
Petite French word for Small
Petites fours Small cakes iced with fondant and decorated
Pilaf or Palau Rice cooked in chicken stock with minced onions and seasonings
Pimiento Sweet red peppers, canned
Piquant Generally a sauce that is sharp and tart to the taste
Planked Meat or fish served on a board usually garnished with duchess potatoes and vegetables
Poach To cook in water that bubbles only slightly
Poisson French word meaning Fish
Polonaise A garnish consisting of bread crumbs, chopped parsley, and hard-boiled eggs
Pomme French word meaning Apple
Popovers Quick, puffed-up hot bread made of milk, sugar, eggs, and flour generally containing a fruit mixture
Pot pie Meat and vegetables in a rich creamy sauce, covered with a pie crust
Potage A thick soup
Poulet French word meaning Chicken
Printaniere Served with several different small cut spring vegetables
Proof To let yeast dough rise by setting it in a warm, moist place of at least 85 degrees F
Puree Any type of food cooked to a pulp
Quahog Indian name for the large Atlantic Coast clams
Quenelle A meat dumpling, generally made with chicken or veal
Ragout A thick, savory brown stew
Ramekin A small shallow baking dish in which foods can be baked and served in
Rasher A thin slice of bacon
Ravigote Cold sauce, made with mayonnaise base, chopped green herb, and tarragon vinegar with a tart taste
Ravioli Small, square noodle dough cases filled with seasoned ground meat, grated seasoned cheese, or finely chopped seasoned vegetables and served with a meat or marinara sauce
Reduce To concentrate a liquid by simmering for a long time
Remoulade sauce A highly seasoned cold sauce similar to tartar sauce, but using mustard and ground pepper added
Render To cook the grease out of animal fat
Risotto Rice baked with minced onions and meat stock and adding Parmesan cheese after baking
Rissole French word for Brown
Roe Fish eggs
Romaine Mild flavored,long narrow, and crisp leaves of salad greens of which the outer leaves are a fairly dark green and the inner leaves are light in color
Roquefort A famous French blue vein cheese
Roti French word meaning Roast
Rouge French word meaning Red
Roulade Rolled meat or a meat roll
Roux A mixture of fat and flour cooked together, usually in equal parts, over low heat until the flour and fat blend together smoothly and is used to thicken soups, sauces, gravies, and stews
Royale A mixture of cream and eggs baked into a custard for garnishing a consomme and broth
Salami A highly seasoned dried sausage made from pork, beef, or venison
Sauerbraten A sour beef pot roast that has been marinated 3-5 days in a vinegar solution to sour the beef and served with a sour sauce
Saute To quickly heat meat or vegetables in fat in an open pan
Sautoir A heavy, flat, copper sauce pan
Scald To heat milk or cream just below the boiling point until a scum forms on the surface
Scallion The muscle of a sea mollusk which operates the opening and closing of the two shells
Scone A type of Scottish quick bread similar to a biscuit
Score To mark the surface of certain foods with shallow slits to improve appearance of increase tenderness
Scrapple A food made by boiling together seasoned chopped meat, generally pork and corn meal or flour and served in fried slices
Scrod A young cod or haddock fish
Sear To scorch or char the surface of meat quickly, sealing in the juices
Shred Cut into thin pieces, using the large holes of a grater or cheese shredder
Simmer To cook liquid just below the boiling point
Smother To cook in a covered container until tender or cover an item with another item completely
Sole A flat, white-meated fish found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Soufflé A very light, puffed up item, generally caused by folding beaten egg whites into a basic batter
Spaetzles A heavy Austrian noodle made by running a heavy batter through a large hole colander into boiling stock
Spit A pointed metal rod used for roasting meats over an open fire
Spoon bread A southern type of corn bread baked in a casserole and of a texture so that it must be served with a spoon
Squab A young pigeon that has never flown
Steep To soak in a hot liquid to extract flavor and color or to soften
Stew To cook meat and vegetables in liquid just below the boiling point
Stir To blend ingredients using a circular motion
Stock The liquid in which meat, poultry, fish, or vegetables have been cooked
Stroganoff Sautéed pieces of beef tenderloin, cooked gently using a sour cream sauce
Suet The hard fat around the kidney and loins of mutton and beef animals used in cooking and for making tallow
Sweetbreads The thymus gland of calves and lambs
Swiss chard In the beet family and the leaves are used as a vegetable and for salad and is cooked like spinach
Tabasco sauce A hot red pepper sauce
Tapioca A starch prepared from the roots of a bitter cassava plant for use in pudding and for thickening some soups
Tartare Steak Highly seasoned, ground beef steak served raw as an appetizer
Tart Small individual pies, filled with fruit or fruit and cream, without a crust on top
Tasse French word meanin Cup
Tenderloin A strip of very tender meat generally referring to beef, pork, lamb, and veal
Terapin Fresh-water turtles, used as food
Terrine An earthenware pot resembling a casserole
Torte A fairly small, rich, decorated cake
Tortilla Mexican griddle cake, a flat, unleavened corn cake baked on a heated stone or iron
Toss To cause a rising and falling action for the purpose of blending ingredients together as in salads
Tournedos Small, round, fairly thin slices of beef tenderloin generally sauteed or broiled
Tripe The edible lining of a beef stomach
Truffle Similar to the mushroom, a black fungus grown mainly in France they are used for seasoning and garnishing
Truss To bind or fasten with string or skewers such as preparing poultry for roasting
Tureen A large deep kettle in which soup is served, generally made of silver
Venison Deer meat
Vermicelli Long fine rods of pasta similar to spaghetti, but thinner
Viande French word meaning Meat
Vichyssoise A cream of potato soup that is served cold
Vin French word meaning Wine
Vol au vent A case or shell made of pastry that is filled with a meat or poultry mixture and served covered with a lid of pastry
Wellington Beef tenderloin baked in a rich dough until the meat is slightly rare and the crust is crisp and golden
Welsh rarebit Melted cheddar cheese, flavored with beer, mustard, and Worcestershire sauce and served very hot over toast
Whip To beat rapidly to increase volume and incorporate air
Wiener Schnitzel A veal cutlet, breaded and fried
Wild rice The brown seed of a tall northern water grass, usually served with wild game
Zest   A rind of lemon or orange

 

 

 

 
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